Discrete Dynamics Lab
HOME PAGE

Tools for researching Cellular Automata, Random Boolean Networks, multi-value Discrete Dynamical Networks, and beyond


Andy Wuensche

andy AT ddlab DOT org
Flat 6, 3 Grape Street, London WC2 H8DX, UK

Visiting research fellow
Dept. of Informatics (formerly COGS)
School of Science and Technology, University of Sussex

DDLab mirror sites:
www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/andywu/ddlab.html
www.ddlab.org

Note: DDLab is no longer hosted at SFI as of July 2003.

xxx

to support the DDLab project

LINKS
New features - Lecture slides - DD-Life - Beehive-rule - Spiral-rule
Manual - The DDLab Gallery - Attractor basins - What is DDLab? - Reviews
Versions - License - Publications - Book - Thesis

DDLab latest beta release (DDLabm06) - Nov 2008
Many small but significant improvements and bug fixes. Vector PostScript is now available for most DDLab graphic output: space-time patterns, attractor basins, network graph and jump graph. This version will tie in with the new updated manual, which is in the pipeline. Any feedback is appreciated.
  • Linux/PC: compiled in Ubuntu 6.06.
  • Mac: compiled in Mac OSX 10.4.11 (Run from X11).
  • Cygwin/Windows/PC: Cygwin/X is a Linux environment running in Windows. Cygwin/X must be installed with the default packages plus xorg-x11-base, xorg-x11-devel, xorg-x11-fnts.
  • DOS/PC: compiled with Watcom C version 11.
  • Irix/SGI: under construction.
  • UNIX/XWindows/Sun: under construction.
DDLab mirror sites for download:

DDLab release - Nov 2005

Multi-value DDLab version ddlabm05 has been updated.
Click here for a summary of changes from the old binary version. The most significant changes were:
  • Generalizing all aspects of DDLab for multi-value logic (up to 8 values or colors), instead of just Boolean logic (0,1).
    Click here for some examples.
  • Constraining DDLab to run forward only for two types of totalistic rules, which allows larger neighborhoods (up to k=25). ddlabm05 adds outer-totalistic rules of each type for cellular automata. In 2d the neighborhoods are predefined to make both square or hexagonal lattices. Many interesting "life"-like and other complex dynamics can be found in this constrained rule-space in 1d, 2d and 3d, including gliders, gliders-guns, self-replication, spirals and predator-prey dynamics. Some amazing examples are provided. Click here for details and instructions for running these complex rules.
  • ddlabm05 (Dec) includes Reaction-Diffusion dynamics (excitable media), scrolling 2d space-time patterns, and other new features, improvements, revisions and bug fixes.

Multi-value ddlabm05, for Mac, Cygwin, Linux, Unix, Irix and DOS can be downloaded by clicking on one of the sites below.
The ddlab files, and the files in dd_extra.tar.gz, should be in the same directory.

the following platforms are supported:
  • MAC: compiled in Mac OSX 10.3. Run from X11 which must be installed. Thanks to Paulo Patelli and Jose Manuel Gomez Soto (jmgomez AT ci.ulsa.mx).
  • CygwinX/Windows/PC: Cygwin/X is a Linux environment running in Windows. Cygwin/X must be installed with the default packages plus xorg-x11-base, xorg-x11-devel, xorg-x11-fnts. Thanks to Woosong Choi (woosong.choi AT gmaili DOT com).
  • Linux/PC: compiled in SuSE 9.0.
  • UNIX/XWindows/Sun: compiled in SunOS 5.8.
  • Irix/SGI: compiled for IRIX 6.5.27 with MIPSpro C 7.4.3m and -n32 Thanks to Oskar Itzinger (oitzinger AT opec DOT org).
  • DOS/PC: compiled with Watcom C version 11.
Please report any bugs to: andy AT ddlab DOT org.


DD-Life click to enlarge


License and
Registration
DDLab remains free shareware for personal, non-commercial users. If you have found the software useful, make a donation to the DDLab project by clicking the button near the top of the page. For a commercial or educational license, or for personal registration, click HERE.

The DDLab Manual

Click here for the DDLab Manual Contents, Preface, Acknowledgments, and links to versions of the first 4 chapters.
The complete manual is available in both PostScript and pdf format at...

The DDLab manual was released in July 2001 and corresponds to DDLab Version 24.
It needs to be updated - we're working on it. However, most explanations in it can be reinterpreted for the multi-value version. An upated multi-value overview is provided in pdf here.


1d CA space-time pattern presented as a scrolling tube, the present moment is at the front - click to enlarge


The DDLab Gallery

The DDLab Gallery is a collection of DDLab images and graphics, with captions, illustrating some of DDLab's features. The Gallery was started in Oct 1998. It will be continually added to and updated.

The figure on the right shows a new way of representing a network as a graph which can be rearranged by dragging vertices. This is a "scale free" RBN, n=100 with a power-law distribution of both k and out-degree.
A similar graph is the "attractor meta-graph", which shows the probability of jumping between basins of attraction subject to noise. For some examples click here

Lecture slides

About 80 of my lecture slides that have accumulated since 2006. Click here to see the slide pdf file in a new window - its a large file so might take a minute. You may use/copy these slides provided you reference myself and DDLab.

Attractor Basins

Attractor basins of discrete dynamical networks are objects in space-time that link network states according to their transitions. Click Click here for a summary of idea. Access to these objects provides insights into complexity, chaos and emergent phenomena in cellular automata. In less ordered networks (as well as CA), attractor basins show how a network is able to categorize its state space, explaining what it is that constitutes memory in a network.

What is DDLab?

DDLab is interactive graphics software for researching discrete dynamical networks, relevant to the study of complexity, emergent phenomena, neural and bio-molecular networks - especially gene regulatory networks. DDlab is applied for research and education in university science, biology, informatics and complex systems departments, and for bio-technology research.

A discrete dynamical network can have arbitrary connections and heterogeneous rules, and includes Cellular Autamata (CA), and "Random Boolean Networks" (RBN), where the "Boolean" atribute is extended to multi-value. Lattice dimensionality can be 1d, 2d (hex or square) or 3d. Many tools and functions are available for creating the network (its rules and wiring), setting the initial state, analyzing the dynamics, and amending parameters on-the-fly. An overview of DDLab and what it can do is provided in this pdf preprint.

The program iterates the network forward to display space-time patterns, and also runs the network "backwards" to generate a pattern's predecessors and reconstruct its branching sub-tree of all ancestor patterns. For smaller networks, sub-trees, basins of attraction or the whole basin of attraction field can be reconstructed and displayed as directed graphs in real time. The DDLab Gallery shows examples.

The network's parameters, and the graphics display and presentation options, can be flexibly set, reviewed and altered, including changes on-the-fly. A wide variety of measures, data, analysis and statistics are available. Learning/forgetting algorithms allow "sculpting" attractor basins to approach a desired scheme of hierarchical categorization.

Read more about DDLab below:

Manual: Contents, Preface, Acknowledgments, and links to versions of the first 4 chapters.
About DDLab: Introduction and description of DDLab functions (Chapters 1 and 2).
Accessing DDLab: Downloading, unzipping and running, for DOS, Unix, Linux, and Irix (Chapter 3).
DDLab Quick Start: ...to get the flavor of DDLab (Chapter 4).


Reviews

Reviews of DDLab Reviews of "The Global Dynamics of Cellular Automata", by Andrew Wuensche and Mike Lesser.
The entire book has been scanned and is availabe HERE in pdf format.
  • review by Stuart Kauffman in COMPLEXITY Vol.5, No.6, July/Aug 2000.
  • review by H. Van Dyke Parunak in JASSS, The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Vol.4, Issue 4, Oct 2001.


DDLab versions

Versions of DDLab and documentation have been released as follows:

Related Publications

A book and various papers related to DDLab are listed here, most are available for download.


back to the start of DDLab
Last modified: Nov 2008